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61.
A significantly positive risk–return relation for the S&P 100 market index is detected if the implied volatility index (VIX) is allowed for as an exogenous variable in the conditional variance equation. This result holds for 4 alternative GARCH specifications, irrespective of the conditional distribution, and regardless of whether the conditional mean equation includes a constant term. This finding is robust to sub-samples, and to using VIX innovations to control for dividend yield and trading volume effects. Monte Carlo evidence suggests that if VIX is not included, the risk–return relation is more likely to be negative or weak, in line with several previous studies. If VIX is included, the distribution of the risk–return parameter has more than 99% of its mass in the area of positive values. We conclude that VIX carries important forward-looking information which improves the precision of the conditional variance estimation and, subsequently, reveals a significantly positive relation. 相似文献
62.
This study revisits the statistical relationship between the spot and the forward rate. Unlike previous studies, this association
is measured by the estimation of the long-run correlation coefficient, a non-parametric measure of linear association. This
estimator was shown to be equivalent to the Bartlett kernel spectral estimator of the complex coherency at frequency zero.
This statistic allows for the measurement of the intensity of correlation. Using data for the £/DM over the May 1992 British
General Election and September 1992 ERM devaluation, and for the FF/DM, BEF/DM, AT/DM, and NLG/DM up to the introduction of
Euro, the results show that the predictive ability of the forward rate increased. 相似文献
63.
It is again being argued that the low labour costs and social standards in countries on the periphery of the EC—Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain—jeopardise employment in the northern EC countries and the social safety net they have constructed. A common social policy harmonising employment and social standards to safeguard the social status quo is therefore being advocated. How valid is this argument? What consequences would the implementation of such a “social action programme” have for the economies on the periphery? How are the Community’s objectives with regard to cohesion and social policy to be reconciled? 相似文献
64.
This paper addresses the issue of estimating seasonal indices for multi-item, short-term forecasting, based upon both individual time series estimates and groups of similar time series. This development of the joint use of individual and group seasonal estimation is extended in two directions. One class of methods is derived from the procedures developed for combining forecasts. The second employs the general class of Stein Rules to obtain shrinkage estimates of seasonal components. A comparative evaluation has been undertaken of several versions of these methods, based upon a sample of retail sales data. The results favour these newly developed methods and provide some interesting insights for practical implementation. 相似文献
65.
Modifications in state level fiscal structures to address inequitable tax burdens or the issue of public sector growth have been accomplished by substituting one tax for another or by adjusting rates of existing taxes. This paper presents this fiscal adjustment process on the state level in terms of a policy in which complementary or competitive taxes are jointly determined as a tax mix in a process of revenue trade-offs. 相似文献
66.
Costas Th. Grammenos Angelos G. Arkoulis 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2003,39(6):459-471
This paper investigates determinants of pricing of new high yield bond offerings of shipping companies. New high yield bond offerings issued by shipping companies in the US market, during the period 1993–1998, are used in the investigation. The empirical results suggest that credit rating is the major determinant of the price spread of the bond offerings. Financial leverage and shipping market conditions also account for a significant part of the price variability. 相似文献
67.
Dayuan Hu Richard C. Ready Angelos Pagoulatos 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1995,6(4):321-340
This study investigates specific changes in farming practices aimed at reducing wind erosion from cropland in the inner Mongolia Plateau, China, and incorporates the value of dust reduction in downwind regions into a formal cost-benefit framework, both from the farmer's perspective and society's perspective. The result shows the need for incorporating off-site damages from wind erosion in policy analyses. Measurement of the off-site damages is difficult, especially in a mixed economy such as China's. A conservative estimate was obtained by benefit transfer from a non-market valuation study conducted in a developed country. This conservative estimate was large enough to be decisive in the policy analysis. 相似文献
68.
69.
Angelos T. Vouldis 《Journal of economic issues》2018,52(3):795-815
The paper presents the thought of the political philosopher Cornelius Castoriadis on economic methodology and the neoclassical and Marxian traditions. Castoriadis suggested that the scope of economic theory includes the identification of “local” regularities and not the search for invariant “laws.” He criticized the use of equilibrium and the utilitarian framework in the neoclassical tradition and proposed to approach human agency based on the Aristotelian concept of the “social individual.” In addition, he criticized the deterministic nature of the Marxian “laws.” According to Castoriadis, the use of concepts such as the “production function” and “capital” presents a number of caveats. 相似文献